Pantera is not an unusual name, and its use goes back at least to the 2nd century. Portrayal of a Roman standard bearer with the fur of a predatory cat on his head. Pantera was from Sidonia, which is identified with Sidon in Phoenicia, and joined the Cohors I Sagittariorum (first cohort of archers). Zeichmann points out that the name Abdes is "commonly attested among Jews and others in the Levant" and has direct adaptations in Greek, Hebrew, and several other languages, many of which are Semitic. However, it is also possible that Pantera was ethnically (and/or religiously) Jewish, given his birthplace. Abd in Phoenician means "servant of", and es is perhaps short for Eshmoun/ Eshmun, a Phoenician god of healing and the tutelary god of Sidon. The meaning of the name Abdes is up for speculation. The names Tiberius Julius are acquired names and were probably given to him in recognition of serving in the Roman army as he obtained Roman citizenship on his honorable discharge from the Legion.
It was perhaps his last name, and means panther. The name Pantera is Greek, although it appears in Latin in the inscription. Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera from Sidon, aged 62 years served 40 years, former standard bearer(?) of the first cohort of archers lies here The inscription ( CIL XIII 7514) on the tombstone of Abdes Pantera reads: Tib(erius) Iul(ius) Abdes Pantera Sidonia ann(orum) LXII stipen(diorum) XXXX miles exs(ignifer?) coh(orte) I sagittariorum h(ic) s(itus) e(st) One of the tombstones was that of Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera and is currently kept in the Römerhalle museum in Bad Kreuznach, Germany. In October 1859, during the construction of a railroad in Bingerbrück in Germany, tombstones for nine Roman soldiers were accidentally discovered. Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera 's is on the left Tombstone Discovery The Roman tombstones in Bingerbrück, Germany, as illustrated when published.
Historically, the name Pantera is not unusual and was in use among Roman soldiers.
Tabor's hypothesis is considered highly unlikely by mainstream scholars given that there is little other evidence to support Pantera's paternity outside of the Greek and Jewish texts. Christopher Zeichmann goes so far as to say: "Where precisely Pantera's unit was located during the years leading up to Jesus' conception is uncertain, but it is beyond doubt that it was not Judaea or Galilee." īoth the ancient Talmud and medieval Jewish writings and sayings reinforced this notion, referring to "Yeshu ben Pantera", which translates as "Jesus, son of Pantera". Biblical scholar James Tabor claimed that Tiberius Pantera could have been serving in the region at the time of Jesus's conception, but more recent scholarship has shown this claim to be greatly doubtful. He said she was "convicted of adultery and had a child by a certain soldier named Panthera". A historical connection from this soldier to Jesus has long been hypothesized by numerous scholars, based on the claim of the ancient Greek philosopher Celsus, who, according to Christian writer Origen in his "Against Celsus" ( Greek Κατὰ Κέλσου, Kata Kelsou Latin Contra Celsum), was the author of a work entitled The True Word ( Greek Λόγος Ἀληθής, Logos Alēthēs).Ĭelsus' work was lost but, in Origen's account of it, Jesus was depicted as the result of an affair between his mother Mary and a Roman soldier. 22 BC – AD 40) was a Roman- Phoenician soldier born in Sidon, whose tombstone was found in Bingerbrück, Germany, in 1859. Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera ( / p æ n ˈ t ɛr ə/ c. 22 BC - AD 40) Tiberius Pantera's tombstone in Bad Kreuznach Roman soldier of the Cohors I Sagittariorum (c.
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